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- Babylonian mythology - Babylonian mythology is a set of stories depicting the activities of Babylonian deities, heroes, and mythological creatures. While these stories are in modern times usually considered a component of Babylonian religion, their purpose was not necessarily religious in nature.
- Jewish Babylonian Aramaic - Jewish Babylonian Aramaic is the form of Middle Aramaic employed by Jewish writers in Babylonia between the 4th century and the 11th century CE. It is most commonly identified with the language of the Babylonian Talmud (which was completed in the seventh century) and of post-Talmudic (Geonic) literature, which are the most important cultural products of Babylonian Jewry.
- Babylonian king list - The Babylonian king list is not merely a list of kings of Babylon, but is a very specific ancient list of supposed Babylonian kings recorded in several ancient locations, and related to the Sumerian king list.
- Babylonian Chronicles - The Babylonian Chronicles are series of tablets recording major events in Babylonian history. They are thus one of the first steps in the development of ancient historiography.
- Babylonian astronomy - Babylonian astronomy refers to the astronomy that developed in Mesopotamia, the "land between the rivers" Tigris and Euphrates, where the ancient kingdoms of Sumer, Assyria, Babylonia and Chaldea were located. Babylonian astronomy was the basis for much of the astronomical traditions that later developed in Greek and Hellenistic astronomy, in classical Indian astronomy, in Sassanid, Byzantine and Syrian astronomy, in Islamic astronomy, and in Western European astronomy.