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- Optical mineralogy - Optical mineralogy is the study of minerals by measuring their optical properties. Most commonly, rock and mineral samples are prepared as thin sections or grain mounts for study in the laboratory with a petrographic microscope.
- Mineralogy - Mineralogy is an Earth Science focused around the chemistry, crystal structure, and physical (including optical) properties of minerals. Specific studies within mineralogy include the processes of mineral origin and formation, classification of minerals, their geographical distribution, as well as their utilization.
- Petrographic microscope - A petrographic microscope is a microscope used in petrology and optical mineralogy to identify rocks and minerals in thin sections. The microscope is used in optical mineralogy and petrography, a branch of petrology which focuses on detailed descriptions of rocks.
- Extinction angle - An extinction angle is a term used in optical mineralogy and petrology, which described the angle at which cross-polarized light dims, as viewed through a thin section of a mineral in a petrographic microscope.
- Thin section - In optical mineralogy and petrography, a thin section is a laboratory preparation of a rock, mineral or soil sample for use with a polarizing petrographic microscope. A thin sliver of rock is cut from the sample with a diamond saw or laser, mounted on a glass slide and then ground ...