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Basis Code Development System - System for developing interactive computer programs in Fortran. Using Basis you can create a program that has a sophisticated programming language as its user interface so that the user can set, calculate with, and plot, all the major variables in the program. The program author writes only the scientific part of the program in Fortran, C or C++; Basis supplies an environment in which to exercise that scientific programming which includes an interactive language interpreter, graphics, error recovery, macros, saving and retrieving variables, formatted I/O, and on-line documentation.
Fox Project - OS based on ML language. Goals: advance art of programming language design and implementation, while applying principles of programming languages to advance art of systems building. Project work: theoretical studies of languages and their traits, developing new compiler and run-time technology, empirical studies of applying advanced language techniques to real-world programming problems, more so in areas of high-performance networks and OSs.
ACM Crossroads: The Use of Java as an Introductory Programming Language - "During the fall of 1996, the Georgia Insitute of Technology initiated the transition from teaching procedural programming to teaching object-oriented programming at the introductory level. Our main goal was to produce an introductory class that taught solid programming and design skills, using Java as the programming language. We will look at some of the problems we encountered, as well as some of the issues involved in using Java to teach students object oriented programming at the introductory level." Published in Crossroads, the ACM student magazine.
Programming Languages Study - Includes: diagram, history of languages; history of language concepts; syntax across languages; Scriptometer measures scripting ease of languages; mutability and sharing of various values in various languages.
Programming Languages Mini-howto - Briefly compares major Linux programming languages: C, C++, Fortran, Java, Lisp, Perl, PHP, Python, Tcl; by Risto S. Varanka.
A Visual Programming Language for Visualization of Scientific Data - Thesis presenting DataVis, visual dataflow programming language designed to be used by scientists for visualizing scientific data. Since it is a visual language, programs and functions are mostly diagrams, instead of text. [Postscript]
CodeComments Programming Languages Discussions - Web access to Usenet newsgroups of various programming languages.
ICFP 2002 - The 2002 International Conference on Functional Programming covers the entire spectrum of functional programming, from practice to theory, and from established functional programming languages (Scheme, ML, Haskell) to novel language designs and to the functional aspects of object-oriented or concurrent languages. October 4-6, 2002 Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
The Esterel Synchronous Programming Language: Design, Semantics, Implementation - Abstract on paper on reactive kernels making the central, hardest part of reactive systems; Esterel is not full language, it is a program generator used to program reactive kernels as YACC programs parsers from grammars. [ResearchIndex]
HOPL: An Interactive Roster of Programming Languages - History of Programming Languages encyclopedia, over 8,500 languages, full verified references, code samples, big bibliography, biographical-institutional material, 4,000 language family tree.

Wikipedia Articles

Non-English-based programming languages - Non-English-based programming languages are computer programming languages that, unlike most well-known programming languages, do not use keywords taken from, or inspired by, the English vocabulary.
System programming language - System programming languages (otherwise known as applications languages) are programming languages that are statically typed, allow arbitrarily complex data structures, compiled, and meant to operate largely independently of other programs. Prototypical system programming languages are C and Modula-2.
Comparison of programming languages - Programming languages are used for controlling the behavior of a machine (often a computer). Like human languages, programming languages have syntactic and semantic rules used to define meaning.
Language-oriented programming - Language oriented programming is a style of computer programming, via metaprogramming in which, rather than solving problems in general-purpose programming languages, the programmer creates one or more domain-specific programming languages for the problem first, and solves the problem in those languages. This concept is described in detail in the paper by Martin Ward entitled
History of programming languages - This article discusses the major developments in the history of programming languages. For a detailed timeline of events, see the timeline of programming languages.